Individuals with ADHD usually tend to experience anxiety and chronic stress, have poor relationships with peers and parents and also have employment problems.
ADD DRUGS MANUAL
There are three main ADHD subtypes, which are based on the prevalence of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of fifth revision (DSM-5): predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-H), combined type (ADHD-C) ( Ayano et al., 2020 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2013). The disorder affects around 5% of children and adolescents ( Song et al., 2021) and 2.5% of adults ( Simon et al., 2009) worldwide. We discuss the quantitative trends in clinical trials and provide an overview of the new drug agents and non-pharmacological therapies, drug targets, and novel treatment options.Īttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder, which can be reliably diagnosed in children, adolescents, and adults ( Wilens and Spencer, 2010 Brown et al., 2018). Several studies investigated antidepressants (e.g., bupropion hydrochloride, vortioxetine), and atypical antipsychotics (e.g., quetiapine, aripiprazole) but these are yet not approved by the FDA for ADHD treatment. The most common drug classes include central nervous system stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate hydrochloride, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, amphetamine sulfate, mixed amphetamine salts, a combination of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and serdexmethylphenidate chloride), selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (atomoxetine, viloxazine), and alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonists (guanfacine hydrochloride, clonidine hydrochloride). The pharmacological group accounts for ∼20% of all the studies. Devices, complementary and other alternative methods of ADHD treatment are also gaining attention. A clear majority of the studies investigated non-pharmacological therapies (∼80%), including many behavioral options, such as social skills training, sleep and physical activity interventions, meditation and hypnotherapy.
ADD DRUGS TRIAL
A total of 695 interventional trials were manually assessed from with the search term « ADHD», and trial data has been used for analysis.
This analytical review provides a quantitative overview of the existing pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of ADHD treatments investigated in clinical trials during 1999–2021. The number of approved treatments and clinical trials for ADHD have increased markedly during the recent decade. 2Advanced Molecular Technology LLC, Moscow, RussiaĪttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders having a high influence on social interactions.1Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
0 kommentar(er)
